Experiment to Prove Hookes Law

Experiment to Prove Hookes Law Hooke’s Law Aim: -To prove Hooke’s law i.e. the extension of the force is directly proportional to the force applied. To find the spring constant of the spring. Apparatus: Clamp Stand Helical Spring Mass Hanger Pointer Meter Ruler Measuring Balance Method: -Hang a helical spring from a clamp stand. -Attach a mass directly to the bottom of the helical spring and record the position of the bottom of the mass hanger relative to a meter ruler. -Add masses to the spring and record the position of the bottom of the mass hanger. Safety Precautions: Wear safety goggles to prevent any accidents that could occur due to the weights bouncing off the spring. Keep a distance from the apparatus. Be sure that the spring is tightly attached to the clamp. Do not play around with the masses or springs. Data Collection and Processing Uncertainty in a measuring balance =  ±0.1g To covert to kg = 0.1à ·1000 =  ±0.0001kg Uncertainty in a meter ruler =  ±0.05cm To convert to meters = 0.05 à · 100 =  ±0.0005m †¢Formulas Absolute Uncertainty= Limit of readingà ·2 Relative Uncertainty= Absolute Uncertainty à · Measured Value % Uncertainty = Absolute Uncertainty à · Measured Value Ãâ€" 100 Force (Newton’s) = Mass (Kg) Ãâ€" Acceleration (ms- ²) Average Extension (cm) = Extension while loading (m) + Extension while unloading (m) à · 2 Spring Constant, k (Nm- ¹) = Force (Newton’s) à · Extension (m) Elastic Potential Energy (Joules) = 0.5 Ãâ€" Spring Constant Ãâ€" Extension ² Range Of Extension = Extension while loading – Extension while unloading Random Error = Range of extension à · 2 Table 1 Raw Data Table: Trial No. Mass (grams)  ±0.1 Mass (kilograms)  ±0.0001 Force Applied (Newton’s) F=MÃâ€"g  ±0.0001 Extension While Loading(meters)  ±0.0005 Extension While Unloading(meters)  ±0.0005 Average Extension =E1+E2à ·2 (meters)  ±0.001 1 10.2 ±0.1 0.0102 ±0.0001 0.100062 ±0.0001 0.036 ±0.0005 0.037 ±0.0005 0.0365 ±0.001 2 20.4 ±0.1 0.0204 ±0.0001 0.200124 ±0.0001 0.040 ±0.0005 0.039 ±0.0005 0.0395 ±0.001 3 30.6 ±0.1 0.0306 ±0.0001 0.300186 ±0.0001 0.043 ±0.0005 0.042 ±0.0005 0.0425 ±0.001 4 40.8 ±0.1 0.0408 ±0.0001 0.400248 ±0.0001 0.048 ±0.0005 0.046 ±0.0005 0.0470 ±0.001 5 51.0 ±0.1 0.0510 ±0.0001 0.500310 ±0.0001 0.051 ±0.0005 0.050 ±0.0005 0.0505 ±0.001 6 61.2 ±0.1 0.0612 ±0.0001 0.600372 ±0.0001 0.056 ±0.0005 0.057 ±0.0005 0.0565 ±0.001 7 71.4 ±0.1 0.0714 ±0.0001 0.700434 ±0.0001 0.061 ±0.0005 0.060 ±0.0005 0.0605 ±0.001 8 81.6 ±0.1 0.0816 ±0.0001 0.800496 ±0.0001 0.067 ±0.0005 0.067 ±0.0005 0.0670 ±0.001 †¢ Calculations for trial 1 Force (Newton’s) = Mass (kg) Ãâ€" Acceleration (ms- ²) = 10.2 ±0.1 (g) Ãâ€" 9.81 (ms- ²) = 100.062 ±0.1 (g) Covert the g to kg: 100.062 à · 1000 = 0.100062 ±0.0001 (kg) Average Extension = Extension while loading (cm) + Extension while unloading (cm) à · 2 = 3.6 ±0.05 (cm) + 3.7 ±0.05 (cm) = 3.65 ±0.1cm In meters = 3.65 ±0.1cm à · 100 = 0.0365 ±0.001m Table 2 The range of extension and the random error of the experiment: Trial No. Extension While Loading(meters)  ±0.0005 Extension While Unloading(meters)  ±0.0005 Average Extension =E1+E2à ·2 (meters)  ±0.001 Force Applied (Newton’s) F=MÃâ€"g  ±0.0001 Range of Extension (meters)  ±0.0005 Random Error (meters)  ±0.0005 1 0.036 ±0.0005 0.037 ±0.0005 0.0365 ±0.001 0.100062 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 2 0.040 ±0.0005 0.039 ±0.0005 0.0395 ±0.001 0.200124 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 3 0.043 ±0.0005 0.042 ±0.0005 0.0425 ±0.001 0.300186 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 4 0.048 ±0.0005 0.046 ±0.0005 0.0470 ±0.001 0.400248 ±0.0001 0.002 ±0.0005 0.001 ±0.0005 5 0.051 ±0.0005 0.050 ±0.0005 0.0505 ±0.001 0.500310 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 6 0.056 ±0.0005 0.057 ±0.0005 0.0565 ±0.001 0.600372 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 7 0.061 ±0.0005 0.060 ±0.0005 0.0605 ±0.001 0.700434 ±0.0001 0.001 ±0.0005 0.0005 ±0.0005 8 0.067 ±0.0005 0.067 ±0.0005 0.0670 ±0.001 0.800496 ±0.0001 0.000 ±0.0005 0.0000 ±0.0005 †¢Calculations for trial 1 Force (Newton’s) = Mass (kg) Ãâ€" Acceleration (ms- ²) = 10.2 ±0.1 (g) Ãâ€" 9.81 (ms- ²) = 100.062 ±0.1 (g) Covert the g to kg: 100.062 à · 1000 = 0.100062 ±0.0001 (kg) Average Extension = Extension while loading (cm) + Extension while unloading (cm) à · 2 = 3.6 ±0.05 (cm) + 3.7 ±0.05 (cm) = 3.65 ±0.1cm In meters = 3.65 ±0.1cm à · 100 = 0.0365 ±0.001m Range Of Extension = Maximum Value – Minimum Value = 0.037 ±0.0005 – 0.036 ±0.0005 = 0.001 ±0.005 (m) Random Error = Range of extension à · 2 = 0.001 ±0.005 à · 2 = 0.0005 ±0.0005 (m) Table 3 Processed Data Table: Trial No. Force Applied (Newton’s) F=MÃâ€"g  ±0.0001 Average Extension =E1+E2à ·2 (meters)  ±0.001 Spring Constant, k (Nm) % Uncertainty Elastic Potential Energy (Joules) % Uncertainty 1 0.100062 ±0.0001 0.0365 ±0.001 2.74 ±2.8% 0.0018251825 ±8.3% 2 0.200124 ±0.0001 0.0395 ±0.001 5.01 ±2.6% 0.0039084263 ±7.7% 3 0.300186 ±0.0001 0.0425 ±0.001 7.06 ±2.4% 0.0063760625 ±7.1% 4 0.400248 ±0.0001 0.0470 ±0.001 8.52 ±2.1% 0.0094103410 ±6.4% 5 0.500310 ±0.0001 0.0505 ±0.001 9.91 ±2.0% 0.0126364880 ±6.0% 6 0.600372 ±0.0001 0.0565 ±0.001 10.6 ±1.8% 0.01721974 ±5.3% 7 0.700434 ±0.0001 0.0605 ±0.001 11.6 ±1.7% 0.02122945 ±5.0% 8 0.800496 ±0.0001 0.0670 ±0.001 11.9 ±1.5% 0.02670955 ±4.5% †¢Calculations for trial 1 Force (Newton’s) = Mass (kg) Ãâ€" Acceleration (ms- ²) = 10.2 ±0.1 (g) Ãâ€" 9.81 (ms- ²) = 100.062 ±0.1 (g) Covert the g to kg: 100.062 à · 1000 = 0.100062 ±0.0001 (kg) Average Extension = Extension while loading (cm) + Extension while unloading (cm) à · 2 = 3.6 ±0.05 (cm) + 3.7 ±0.05 (cm) = 3.65 ±0.1cm In meters = 3.65 ±0.1cm à · 100 = 0.0365 ±0.001m Spring Constant = Force (Newton’s) à · Extension (m) = 0.100062 ±0.0001 (N) à · 0.0365 ±0.001 (m) % Uncertainty for Force = Absolute Uncertainty à · Measured Value Ãâ€" 100 = 0.0001 à · 0.100062 Ãâ€" 100 = 0.1% % Uncertainty for Extension = Absolute Uncertainty à · Measured Value Ãâ€" 100 = 0.001 à · 0.0365 Ãâ€" 100 = 2.7% Spring Constant = 0.100062 ±0.1% (N) à · 0.0365 ±2.7% (m) = 2.74 ±2.8% Nm- ¹ Elastic Potential Energy = 0.5 Ãâ€" Spring Constant Ãâ€" Extension ² = 0.5 Ãâ€" 2.74 ±2.8% Ãâ€" (0.0365 ±0.001)  ² = 0.5 Ãâ€" 2.74 ±2.8% Ãâ€" (0.001332255 ±5.5%) = 0.00183 ±8.3% Conclusion Evaluation Conclusion: In this experiment, I have been quite successful by proving the aim of the experiment which is Hooke’s Law. The results obtained are slightly incorrect due to any errors as part of the experiment. My calculations were all shown for trial one which whereas follows. In relation to the graph, the line does not pass through the origin as there were uncertainties. The line therefore starts a few cm from the origin on the y axis. The slope in the graph indicates the spring constant. It can be seen that the spring constant value in the graph does not match my result for trial no.1 as I have taken the spring constant value in N/cm. If I take the values in N/m and average all the values of the spring constant from my calculations I will end with a result equal to the gradient or slope of the graph that is 0.227. The units taken for every other value is standard and therefore is correct. My results are reliable as they do result in the Force being proportional to the Extension. I feel t hat my data is reliable and the graph does show that the extension of the spring directly proportional to the force that is applied to it. We also found that the spring constant and the elastic potential energy increases due to the extension of the spring being proportional to the force. Evaluation: I have found that the experiment did have many errors which could have been improved. There were both systematic and random errors involved in the experiment. The meter ruler (uncertainty of  ±0.05cm) and the digital balance (uncertainty of  ±0.1g) had uncertainty’s which could have altered the accuracy of the results. The experiment also had a parallax error due to the carelessness of me not observing the pointer and the length in the straight path. My equipment was not very accurate as I was given a meter ruler and not an attached ruler. This could have made it very inaccurate as the ruler was leaning over a wall. I could only take one reading per mass, as time management was an issue, which is not reliable as taking more than two readings and averaging the answer will give a more accurate result. The next time I perform this experiment, I will need to make sure that I have at least three readings per mass and should take the average of the three readings to minimize the errors. I should also make sure that the meter ruler is not leaning on a wall and that it is held on by a clamp or that I have the ruler stuck behind the clamp stand. While repeating the experiment one should also put a pointer on the hook to avoid parallax error and get the measurements even more accurate. Wasif Haque

Edward Jenner and Smallpox

Despite all of the controversy around vaccinations, vaccines have been around for nearly 200 years and are known to have saved millions of lives by preventing a person from infectious diseases through inoculation. The world’s first vaccine, the vaccination for smallpox was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, a doctor from England. Smallpox, which dates back to 1350 B. C. , is an infectious and contagious disease that plagued much of Europe and North American colonies during the 17th and 18th century. Smallpox claimed more than million deaths in Europe and Mexico before development of the vaccination. Dr. Jenner’s scientific research and observations led to the eradication of smallpox in 1979. The purpose of this paper is to examine one of the greatest achievements in public health, the smallpox vaccination and the man responsible for it, Dr. Edward Jenner. This paper will also focus on the effects that the smallpox vaccination has had on public and community health and how the process of immunization from infectious diseases has saved millions of lives today. What is Smallpox Smallpox is an infectious and contagious disease, which is caused by the variola virus. The virus, which has two forms, variola major and variola minor, was referred to as the speckled monster because of red, pustule, raised lesions that appeared on a person’s skin. Aside from the skin lesions, smallpox is characterized by typical flu symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, malaise, and headache. Smallpox is an airborne transmitted infection, which multiplies itself in the lymph nodes while moving from cell to cell. A person is said to be contagious until the last lesion scab falls off. Whereas a cure for smallpox does not exist, the only form of prevention is vaccination (Barquet & Domingo, 1997). Edward Jenner and His Developments Edward Jenner, who was born on May 17, 1749 in England, developed an interest in science and nature during his early years. He worked as an apprentice under George Harwicke, in which he developed the interest in cowpox. Jenner went to London at the age of 21 to become a student of John Hunter, the most prestigious surgeon in England, Here, Jenner learned that if a person had cowpox he or she could not contract smallpox (Stern, 2005). Through Jenner’s apprenticeship with Hunter, he began learning surgical techniques and the use of scientific methods and observation. After publishing several scientific studies and learning through observations, Jenner's interest in smallpox grew and it was at this point in which he developed his hypothesis; â€Å"Cowpox protected a person from the human disease smallpox† (Barquet & Domingo, 1997, p. 639). Developing the Smallpox Vaccine Sparked by the interest in his hypothesis and the overwhelming plague of smallpox, Jenner decided to perform an experiment to test his hypothesis. Jenner came into contact with Sarah Nelms, a dairymaid who had contracted cowpox through an infected cow. To test his hypothesis, â€Å"Jenner extracted fluid from the pustules on Nelm’s hand and used that same fluid to inoculate an 8-year-old boy through two inch incisions on the boy’s arm† (Barquet & Domingo, 1997, p. 639). A few weeks later, Jenner injected fluid from a smallpox lesion into the arm of the same boy. This is known as variolation. The variolation did not produce a reaction and Jenner confirmed that the boy was protected against smallpox. As a result of Jenner’s studies, research, and observations, the smallpox vaccine was developed (Stefan, 2005). The Effect of the Smallpox Vaccine on Public and Community Health Upon the publication of Jenner’s inquiry, skepticism arose as Jenner began a nationwide survey to support his findings. Other physicians began vaccinating through Jenner’s method and the theory was confirmed. Those who were previously infected with cowpox and received variolation did not find themselves stricken by smallpox. The vaccination era had begun as news of the inquiry spread to the United States where the method was tried and confirmed once again by Benjamin Waterhouse, a Harvard Medical School professor (Barquet & Domingo, 1997). According to Barquet and Domingo (2005), â€Å"President Thomas Jefferson had 18 members of his family vaccinated and supported the theory that the vaccine preserves individuals from smallpox† (p. 640). President Jefferson later appointed Waterhouse as the â€Å"vaccine agent in the National Vaccine Institute, an organization to establish vaccination in the United States† (Barquet & Domingo, 1997, p. 640). Public and Community Health Today Several years after Jenner’s discovery, scientists had begun to develop new vaccines. Protesting began as antivaccinationists believed that vaccinating violated a person’s privacy. In 1905, the United States Supreme court ruled that â€Å"The need to protect the public health through compulsory smallpox vaccination outweighed the individual’s right to privacy† (Stern & Markel, 2005, p. 617). The World Health Organization (WHO) certified the eradication of smallpox in 1979. As other vaccinations emerged, such as vaccines for polio, diphtheria, measles, mumps, and rubella, people commonly worried about the safety and efficacy of these vaccinations. Today, many parents are under the impression that autism is linked to a preservative called thimerosal, which was used in many vaccinations such as DTP and Hepatitis B vaccines. Upon scientific studies, no connection was found. However, in 1999 the United States Food and Drug Administration stopped licensing vaccines that contained thimerosal (Stern & Markel, 2005). Conclusion The development of the smallpox vaccine and other immunizations are considered to be one of the greatest achievements in public health. Disease prevention is a major necessity of public and community health. Through extensive research, scientific studies, and observation, Edward Jenner paved the way for the evolution of public health. To date, vaccinations have saved millions of lives by protecting people against polio, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, and smallpox. Although many people are skeptical about the safety and efficacy of immunizations, choosing not to be immunized puts not only the individual at risk but also other people at risk of contracting an infectious disease.

Evaluation of incredible India in UK market Essay

Like any other trade sector, evaluation of a brand in a specific market depends heavily on the data collected in some specific segments, and in here they are: A. Quality of infrastructure, i. e. , issues involved amenities like transport, water, rail and road links, boarding and lodging, etc. B. Travel behavior, i. e. , estimate about the appetites of the travellers. C. Effectiveness of communication: This area is self-explicit. D. Quality of product, i. e., quality and quantity of tourist sites, where quality should be interpreted as the magnitude of significance of a site in terms heritage, beauty, adventure, unique natural phenomenon, therapeutic or spiritual angles. Detailed and authenticated data on the state of these segments would be instrumental in determining the exact standing of this campaign in a specific market. For that matter this study uses the information furnished in the Report on Evaluation Study in Selected Overseas Markets (2007) created by The Gallup Organization for Market Research Division, Ministry of Tourism, and Government of India. A. Infrastructure: While the Gallup Study observes the overall growth in the infrastructure Industry is encouraging for tourism in the future, it furnishes terribly disappointing information in the next page, where it compares the state of India’s aviation industry to that of China and informs that India has 15 million seats (as on September 2006) as against 140 million seats in China (p. 13). However, the report churns out good news after a few pages by mentioning about the awards won by Incredible India campaign and the survey results that consider India amongst the top five favourite destinations (p. 17). B. Travel Behaviour: Only 32% people of United Kingdom are aware of Indian Tourism Offices, though India and UK has a direct relationship for around 300 years. The Gallup Report (p. 45) observes that the past travel record of UK citizens(46%) were only next to Australia (51%), while the current survey shows that American tourists (799, 062) have pushed the British tourists (796,191) behind them (Incredible, 2008). Gallup Report observes that in terms of future behaviour, UK shows only 5% growth rate (p. 50). Now tallying this observation with the state of communication with UK would provide the clue why the future of growth of Indian tourism in UK looks so dismal. C. Effectiveness of communication: The chart below highlights the state of communication between India and other major countries/continents in terms of travel arrangements. Booking for Travel Arrangement (% Yes) CANADA USA UK EUROPE MIDDLE EAST S. KOREA JAPAN AUS RECENT TRAVELLERS Through Phone 54 46 16 9 7 8 23 17 10 Through Internet 44 69 46 46 7 24 60 39 22. Through Travel Agents 89 63 56 60 45 76 83 74 68 In Person 76 44 18 34 72 15 33 43 15 Others 12 10 11 6 – 11 – 5 2 Gallup Report: P. 55 The above table shows that communication with UK is below expectation, if one considers the legacy of 300-year close communication between India and UK. D. Quality of product: From the perspective of the history of Indo-British relationship of over 300 years, elements like cultural heritage (colonial times) or deserves a place in the choice of the British travellers, but the survey (below) does not even include that. (%) CANADA USA UK EUROPE MIDDLE EAST S. KOREA JAPAN AUS RECENT TRAVELLERS Adventure Sports 14 18 5 18 17 13 15 12 2 Eco-tourism 54 56 35 44 65 27 25 34 16 Shopping 51 46 44 33 87 15 27 54 38 Sight-seeing 98 99 79 88 89 79 94 93 87 Pilgrimages 27 20 8 21 2 35 10 23 7 Visiting friends / relatives 35 25 23 12 8 – 6 19 17 Medical treatment 9 13 13 10 38 8 6 4 1 Cultural Events 61 75 31 67 22 52 46 67 – Others 34 52 14 44 4 – 8 17 2 Business purposes – 4 3 11 – – – – 26 Adapted from Gallup Study: P.57. Here also it is seen that UK is lagging behind USA and Japan, in spite of their close contact with India for more than three centuries. Another notable factor is that there is not much response in the medical tourism sector, though thee is a recent surge in Medical Tourism in India due to reasons like state-of-the-art medical facilities at far cheaper rates and high medical insurance cost in UK. A brief analysis of the online campaign of Incredible India would corroborate that too. III. 1. Analysis of online campaign: 1. Statement of Purpose (â€Å"About Us† page): While it boasts about its network of 20 offices within India and 13 offices abroad, it fails to mention about its central policy. 2. Topics covered: It contains three major topic domains distributed under heads like Trip Planner, Experience India and Holiday Ideas, where the first one deals with trip arrangements, second attempts to brief India thematically and the third one provides ideas about tourist activities. None of them contains any clue to the prospective medical tourists. Omission of this important issue looks is even more surprising, as the Tourism Department of India itself has launched a medical tourism campaign separately, where it clearly expresses its views like medical tourism or health tourism in India is fast gaining grounds and tries to gain competitive advantage by citing examples of quality infrastructure and cheap costs as against skyrocketing healthcare costs in the country like UK. It even goes on describing at length about the availability of various types of medical treatments and other facilities (Why India, 2007). 3. Apart from that, this campaign hasn’t properly tapped the potential of ancient Indian techniques of well being and healing, like Yoga, Vaastu Shastra, or other spiritual practices, which are now integral part of the global New Age movement along with their Buddhist or Mongoloid counterparts like Feng-Shui, Tai-chi, etc. These facts are already known in the medical fraternity of UK, as it is evident from the various other news like UK doctor setting shop in Goa for medical tourists due to the rising flow of medical tourists in India (UK Indian, 2007), or the news that health tourism in India have flourished to a huge extent, as the Indian hospitals currently estimated to deal with 150,000 foreigners each year (India’s rise, 2007). Yet, Incredible India, the flagship project of positioning Brand India continues to neglect this huge and constantly increasing segment of tourism. In other words, it can be said that the impact of campaign like Incredible India on UK doesn’t prove to be effective as it was expected to be. The above data facilitates the introduction of SWOT analysis on Incredible India Campaign from the perspective of UK market.

Business Ethics 301 Essay - 927 Words

TUI UNIVERSITY Module 2: Case Study, Should disabled veterans get preferential treatment over better qualified candidates who are not disabled veterans? Course Number: Ethics 301 Normally, when I have written papers in the past I have read the question asked of the professor and roll around the question in my head. I usually respond to the question with a â€Å"short answer†, which would be â€Å"no† or â€Å"long answer† which is â€Å"yes†, and then research the question further. I have done so with this question as well. My short answer is â€Å"no†. Why would a company hire a person with a disability, or someone without a disability, over a possible employee who is better qualified? After†¦show more content†¦Grades. Mrs. Value goes in to labor early. Dr Haynes does not perform a routine procedure correctly and the Value’s lose their precious child to negligence. Tell these parents who are grieving and lost their only child that the hospital did not hire the better qualified doctor. I realize this scenario is a bit far stretched. In my opinion I believe there are thousands of jobs in this country that DO hire the better qualified candidates who are disabled veterans. On merit alone, if I was a disabled veteran (of which I am) I certainly would want to be hired on merit. I would want to be the better qualified candidate for a position. As with government agencies, an employer may decide to give a veteran with a service- connected disability a preference in hiring. In fact, federal agencies may use specific rules and regulations, called â€Å"special hiring authorities,† to hire individuals with disabilities outside the normal competitive hiring process, and sometimes may even be required to give preferential treatment to veterans, including disabled veterans, in making hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions. The governme nt uses a point system for veterans and veterans with a disability. 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Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Interview Essay Papers Samples College Level Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Interview Essay Papers Samples College Level Is Wrong and What You Should Know Interview Essay Papers Samples College Level - the Story Consider asking a person that you don't like to respond to your questions. Make sure at least 2 and preferably 3 distinct people interview someone before hiring them. In any case, your reaction may also make an overall address to the full documentary without picking parts. Some people decide to visit the library and look for facts on a particular subject, while others like to concentrate on gathering information through personal statements. Hearsay, Deception and Interview Essay Papers Samples College Level From time to time, you're able to even be requested to prepare papers which are completely unknown to you. To learn how to compose a potent interview essay with valuable life lessons, it is necessary to opt for the paper's subject. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily learn how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. With what has been gathered, somebody may then compose a comprehensive essay concerning the exchange. This profile essay example for college should offer you a notion of the way to write. Essay writing differs for everybody. Writing skills in college isn't restricted to essays. Writing a profile essay offers you the freedom to handpick the topic of your preference. Writing an essay, or another paper for this matter, isn't just writing. You are able to either choose to support the arguments or ideas in the movie, or concentrate on disputing them. There are two methods to compose your paper. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you may want to argue is a great start. The subject is at the heart of your essay the one which you select will establish the results of the readers' experience. The introduction to a research paper may be the most challenging portion of the paper to write. The thesis statement is a fundamental part of a superior academic writing. Academic papers need you to determine a specific angle to pursue in writing, which is going to be the basis of the paper. Research papers also have writing a proposal. Based on the approach which you can want to pursue, there are particular considerations about how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary that you ought to make. Interview essay intends to deliver a particular view of an object, event or phenomenon, dependent on the answers of unique folks. You have to come up with an idea based on the way in which the documentary touched you. Therefore, it's always advised that you watch the documentary more often than once as a way to properly digest it and know what it is about. Individuals ought to be open and give comprehensive information whenever asked to achieve that. Interviews are platforms by which organizations use to find a notion about someone. Deep learning isn't applicable everywhere. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to find out more than just your career targets. Link education to your upcoming career Elaborate how your educational background will enable you to attain your professional targets. Men and women will need to visit interviews open minded and expect to react to distinct questions regarding their life and career. Additional it's possible to also seek the support of your course mates that have a better knowledge of the topic than you do. A college essay can be exceedingly difficult so there isn't any reason to feel awkward when seeking help. Besides freshmen, there are particular college essays which will pose a great deal of problem for students. The War Against Interview Essay Papers Samples College Level Where all the contestants must get a small Christmas tree plant and try to decorate it into a likeness of themselves. To have a job isn't a bit of cake too, in reality it's very challenging and fighting to receive a job. The interview is done to be able to determine an individual's opinion about a specific issue, event, etc.. Pay attention to the way that you quote the individual.

The Criminal Justice System Has An Important Function

Each actor in the criminal justice system has an important function. However, their perceptions and actions toward victims can often shape how the victims feel about themselves and about the level of help they will receive. The first level interaction the victim will often have with the criminal justice system is with the police. Often how a police officer views certain crimes ultimately influences how they are going to treat the victim. In the case of sexual assault, a very traumatic crime, the police officer can be found blaming the victim. Researchers Sleath and Bull attributed this to â€Å"rape myth acceptance [as] [significant] [predictor] [of] victim blaming† (Sleath and Bull, 2012, pg.658). This can have an effect not only on the victims level of confidence in receiving help but also in the level of attention the officer will give the investigation. These results are an example of how the roles of the actors in the criminal justice system affect how they treat the vict im. Police officers being the first line of contact shapes the viewpoint of all the actors from that point on. For example, a detective in the instance of rape they view what the responding officer reported. If the responding officer viewed the incident negatively detectives have a harder time building the victim s credibility. Prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges are the last members of the criminal justice system victims will face. In the legal system, they are viewed as numbers in a system. VictimsShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police a nd how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe Doctrinal Design Has Been Used To Study The Jurisprudential1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe doctrinal design has been used to study the jurisprudential development in the areas of child witnesses, the reliability and admissibility problems of child witnesses. This has been done primarily with the help of case laws and leading judgments of various courts. 1.5 Research questions: a) Does the child have adequate cognitive skills for comprehending and accurately reporting the witnessed event? b) Can the child successfully discriminate actual events from the internal thoughts, images andRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both of these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. The two models give understanding to the values of the criminal law with that in mind these two modes are not absolute. Herbert Packer articulates the values of the criminal justice process between due process which is emphasis on the right of an individual and crime control model sees the regulation of criminal conductRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY 2 Criminal Justice professionals have certain responsibilities and duties in order to fulfill the needs of society. Criminal justice professionals are the backbone to any society and they are given certain authority and power by the government to protect its citizens. This sets them apart from the general population. They are expected to fulfill the vast amount of duties expected of them in a professional manner. Criminal justice professionals are expected to haveRead MoreOrganizational Effectivness1211 Words   |  5 Pagesemployees and even time and data management. Within the criminal justice organization it is much more important than just making sure the criminal justice agency is merely operating properly. Achieving and maintaining efficient productivity, performance values, and efficiency are crucial in order for any organization to be successful (Mihalicz, 2012). Applying the theories of organizational effectiveness to the management aspect of criminal justice organizations and personnel will help supervisors andRead MorePolicing Functions Paper1087 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Policing Functions Paper The police departments have come a long way from the way they were many years ago. The police have changed for the better but there is still room for improvement. In policing today there are a lot more officers, detectives, and other law enforcement officials accounted for then there was in the past years. When we have all of these people in the criminal system, it has made the government to be able to provide better protection for the people in the communitiesRead More2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read MorePolice Are Responsible For The Public850 Words   |  4 Pages Function s of police, courts, and corrections involve all to most likely the same topic about laws. Police are who are responsible for the public, trying to prevent crime In towns or any state. Courts exist to do justice, able to resolve any disputes, making it fair to every person, by having evidence and what the laws say. Corrections care for the people, give custody and control. Having goals to protect populations, punishment is given to those found guilty, rehabilitation as well. The policeRead MoreWhy Do We as a Society Need a Criminal Justice System?1179 Words   |  5 PagesWHY DO WE AS A SOCIETY NEED A CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? Introduction The criminal justice system is comprised of a basic formation, the law enforcement agencies, the courts, and the correctional services. This system has existed since ancient times and although the three facilities haven’t completely been replaced over the centuries, there has been a lot of change and amendment to how the system is used to investigate, deter, and keep order and control in today’s society. It is a fundamental part

Role of IMF & ECB in Greece Crisis-Case Study

Question: What have been the main roles performed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB) in resolving the financial crisis experienced by Greece in recent years? Answer: 1.0 Introduction The major economic systems in the world are going through a phase of turmoil with rising debt crisis. The economy of Greece has been experiencing crisis since the year 2009 which had affected the government debt sustainability which has increased from 103% of GDP to soaring over 170% of GDP, contracting the economy by 25% , raising unemployment to 25%, making the banking system unstable. (Bulmer, 2014)The Eurozone governments, International Monetary Fund(IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB) has adopted and implied policies alongside measures to end the crisis. The crisis in Greece has affected other member states in the Eurozone as they share a common currency, monetary policy, controls fiscal and banking policies.(Blanchard, 2014) The report is a comprehensive reflection of the various endeavors that are being undertaken by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB) in resolving the financial crisis that Greece is experiencing in the recent period. IMF has 189 participating countries from around the world whereas ECB consists of the European countries that have agreed to the Eurozone agreement. The report deals with the financial assistance and mentoring help that IMF and ECB extended to Greece for a creating a stable economic ambience, to emerge out of its crisis period. The crisis in Greece started to grow since the 1990s when the government of the country adopted Euro as its national currency which resulted in lower borrowing costs. (Mitsopoulos, 2011)As Greeces policies are controlled by European Central Bank (ECB) rules and regulations, investors trusted the economy and started lending money. The majority of the funds have been utilized in the past, primarily for serving government spending, compensate for lower tax earnings. IMF and ECB have extended several financial assistance packages to the country to offset its current debt situation as discussed below.(Abboushi, 2011) 2.0 Role of IMF ECB in Greece crisis Greece crisis was revealed in 2009 when the newly elected government extended the budgetary deficits of the country, which distanced the country from capital markets as investors started growing uncertain regarding Greeces financial position. Greeces financial position impacted European countries in the Eurozone as investors were hesitant regarding the sustainability of their public finances. Threatening the European banking system as a whole with slowed economic progress and increased unemployment, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank extended benefits in the light of the crisis.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) In 2010 and 2012 IMF and other Eurozone government extended two financial packages totaling to Euro 240billion. Greece utilized the fund for fiscal and structural adjustments that changed budget deficit from 9.9% of GDP to a surplus of 1.5% in 2014.(De Grauwe, What kind of governance for the eurozone?. , 2010) ECB responded to the Greece crisis by purchasing or pledging to purchase bonds in the secondary market through Securities Market Program (SMP) and the Outright Monetary Transactions program (OMT). ECB had forwarded Euro 1 trillion through three-year, low cost loans or long-term refinancing operations (LTRO) into 800 banks in Eurozone. ECBs contributions have been greatly considered important in stabilizing Eurozone especially financial markets and in reducing crisis. ECB extended several purchases through the money market instruments available and also extended mentoring of the financial situation to help Greece bailout of its current economic crisis. However, Germany was opposed to the idea of extending help to Greece. Greece, a member of Eurozone was feared to spread its crisis to the other European countries. IMF major shareholder being the USA supported Greece and extended financial assistance package and also regular mentoring to help Greece bailout of its current situation.(Rou bini, 2010) Greece upon receiving the first financial assistance failed to adopt economic reforms related to taxes, fiscal targets, pensions and debt levels. The government highlighted that the first assistance is utilized in paying off most of the past debt payments, upon being deferring payments to creditors. The country called for disbursing the awaited financial assistance Euro 7.2 billion as it altered on its payments to the IMF in 2015 Euro 1.5 billion. Hence, IMF along with other Eurozone countries agreed on extending the third financial assistance package. IMF hence provided a Euro 30 billion under Stand-By-Arrangement(SBA) through its standard lending instruments.(De Santis, 2012) Greece had several governments change during the period of crisis which led to inappropriate applications of required reforms in the country. (Stuckler, 2012) The agreement that IMF and ECB made to finance Greece with Euro 110 Billion financial package along with certain reforms that the country had to make. IMF will analyze the progress of Greece on its assistance on the quarterly basis. The following reforms are demanded from Greece in exchange for the assistance. (Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture., 2011) Reduce Debt: Greece was continuously unable to repay its loans to IMF and ECB, there needed to be reforms made in its policy. The allocation of the funds of the financial assistance has to be applied appropriately for repaying back its loans in time. The agreement is made in the light that Greece would be able to tackle its debts and start a growth trajectory within the country. IMF and ECB were deeply interested in seeing the procedure Greece embraced budgetary cuts, freezing wages and pension for three consecutive years and increase the overall tax structure. (Blanchard, 2014)These measures would directly address Greeces fiscal and debt issues and will enable the economy to utilize the financial assistance for reforms to strengthen the economy and put it back on growth tracks. The Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou as well as the European Union Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn agreed that aggressive measures w ere adopted to prevent further crisis and gain control over Greeces public finances which will eventually modernize the Greek economy. IMF extended these measures as a means for Greece to overcome its current crisis levels. Greece could only reduce its burden of debt by repaying off its previous loans with the proper financial planning of its fiscals.(Janssen, 2010) To make Greeces government sustainable and reducing its fiscal deficits the debt to GDP ratio needs to be on a downward trending. The wages and social benefits are 75 % of total public spending in Greece. The government will curtail any programs that extend social security benefits but will continue to provide benefit to the vulnerable.(MLA, 2011) The pension program will discourage early retirement and encourage working for more number of years. (Matsaganis, The welfare state and the crisis: the case of Greece, 2011).The government also proposed to curb military expenditure in the period. To improve current business climate: IMF and ECB implied that Greece adopting the measures suggested by them in the international front would not only allow the economy recover from the past but also improve its overall business climate. Though IMF recognizes that the initial period will be stressful for Greece, but the fiscal measures reforms would help make the economy more dynamic and robust.(Lattemann, 2008) The measures suggested by IMF and ECB will help Greece be on a growth trajectory, create more jobs and an environment for future sustainability. IMF further suggested that Greece adopts steps to reform its current labor market and labor market policies that will enable it to generate better incomes, will attract investment in state enterprises improving the overall business environment. Foreign investors have become hesitant about investing in Greece companies and state control enterprises but adopting suitable reforms and lowering overall salaries in the labor market will at tract those investors. (Mitsopoulos, 2011)These increased numbers of businesses in the country will generate jobs and pay taxes which will create earnings for the government. The government of Greece was also instructed by IMF and ECB to reform policies in regards to waste as that would impact utility from products and reduce wastes.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) Greece needed also to adopt stringent measures to fight corruption by elimination non-transparent procuring practices. IMF along with ECB wanted Greece to improve the existing business environment including political, technological, social changes in the country. (Mamadouh, 2011)IMF and ECB indicated that the environment for conducting business in Greece was not appropriate as people tend to retire early and enjoy pension benefits also the bodies aimed to curb the several benefits the governments extends to the people in summer, Christmas, Easter bonuses . This so cial reform was meant to encourage people to work more and several foreign companies to set up their facilities in Greece. (Douzinas) Accept Measures: Greece would adopt any process that IMF Managing Director and European countries extend. According to the direction given by IMF and ECB Greek, governmental authorities started consolidate fiscal measures to 5% of GDP and accepted legislative actions (De Santis, 2012). Emphasis was made to provide fair means within the economy that included protection of the most vulnerable. The measured stress of IMF is put on tackling twin issues within Greece of debt and competitiveness(Visvizi, 2012). IMF and ECB identified through their constant monitoring of the Greece economy that the impounding debt and financial crisis in Greece is majorly allocated to its inability to accept measures laid down by them and incapability within its economy to accept modernized measures. IMF and ECB both proposed at modernization of the Greece economy in the light of the crisis that was overhauling its economy. But earlier governments had failed to assess the graveness of the situation and the results that could come from Greece not reforming its policies. Earlier government had used the recurring financial help to repay off its existing debts, interests and to fund government expenditures. In the final assistance package extended by IMF, it was agreed that Greece will have to accept the remedial measures as suggested on its current economic status and accept the necessary implications that arise from applying such measures. Making Greece economy competitive: Greece would adopt procedures to reform its policies to these waste reductions, reduce tax evasion and provide protection to the vulnerable. IMF proposed that Greece needed to make its economy more competitive to make it pro-growth which implied that policies and reforms that were traditional in nature had to be modernized. (De Grauwe, What kind of governance for the eurozone?. , 2010)Modernization of the Greek economy will open up opportunities for all, ethnic as well as foreign investors. Competitiveness measures as indicated by IMF directed at cost controlling and reduction of inflation such that Greece could regain control over prices and ensure price competitiveness. (Knight, 2015) Greece was at a budgetary deficit of 13.6% of GDP with public debt amounting to 115% of GDP in 2009. The Greece government in response to IMF indications aimed to consolidate fiscal deficits to 11% of GDP and designed adjustments such that general deficit rounds of to 3% by 2014 as against 13.6% in the year 2011. (Wyplosz, 2012)Greece economy was functioning at the tail end of Eurozone countries before its crisis period. These several factors made the crisis financially and economically to settle in Greece easily.(Chamley, 2011) The governmental spending measures will be targeted to yield savings of 51/4% of GDP throughout 2013. The government also aimed to freeze pension and wages for three years and abolish payment during Christmas, Easter and summer bonuses while accommodating the lowest income group.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) The financial markets in Greece especially the debt market major restructuring. Lenders and international investors were weary regarding Greece markets capability to deliver. IMF and ECB wanted Greece to increase its ratings in financial markets such that it could attract investments.(Mantanika, 2011) The major governmental revenues rose through the value-added tax, taxes on luxury items, tobacco, alcohol and so on will increase 4% of GDP in 2013 alone. The government will administer a stringent measure to collect taxes from individuals especially those susceptible to evasion.(De Santis, 2012) The tax system was also meant to safeguard revenue from large taxpayers. The budgetary controls were also regarded as an important step in controlling deficits and reduce burdens of debt. The net gain from administering structural reforms was expected to be 1.8% of GDP during the program period.(Lapavitsas, 2012) A Financial Stability Fund has been created from the external sources of financing received to ensure proper bank equity and avoid misappropriation of funds. Previous governments at the beginning of the crisis period had misappropriated the funds meant for the country bailing out of the crisis period. These several incidents led apprehension in the mind of ECB as well as IMF in regards to its capabilities to repay off dents. Hence, IMF on its quarterly monitoring indicated that the country devises a mechanism whereby the financial assistances can be redirected to yield much better results for the country.(Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. , 2011). 3.0 Conclusions Greece has been gradually recovering from its state of crisis with the several aids that it has received. The financial relief that has been forwarded by IMF and ECB in times of economic breakdown helped the economy regain back its economy and keep the basics functioning. However, the most valuable input to the country had been the policies and propositions that IMF along with ECB suggested helping restructure its economy. (De Santis, 2012)Though the majority of the steps came at considerable costs and raised speculations regarding the economies stability and viability. The country has been able to bail out of its extreme crisis but is yet to get back on its growth trajectory. (De Grauwe, Greece is solvent but illiquid: What should the ECB do? (No. 10694), 2015) The IMF fears while forwarding financial assistance to Greece had been related to the countrys capability in accepting and adopting the major economic reforms. The Eurozone had feared that the countrys crisis could spread to other countries in the Europe that extended help. As Eurozone is bounded by common currency, monetary, banking and fiscal policies, they were apprehensive that extending help to Greece could easily have an effect on the Euro currency rates and raise levels of inflation. The role of IMF had been significant when considering the totality of the situation in which Greece was entangled and from where the country has recovered. (Stuckler, 2012)The IMF major shareholder USA had been very positive about Greece gaining back but was countered several times as Greece failed initially to adopt the measures suggested by IMF Director. The Greece economy is a major economy in the Eurozone, but Germany had severely opposed to IMF endeavors to help Greece. IMF had failed to asse ss the debt sustainability of Greece as most of its loans gets extended. Though the costs of financial assistance from IMF is quite high yet it has overlooked all Greeces fallouts and extended loan repayments till 2040 until which Greece gets time to reform and deliver.(Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. , 2011). References Abboushi, S. (2011). Analysis and outlook of the Greek Financial Crisis. Journal of Global Business Management, 7(1), 1. Blanchard, O. J. (2014). Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 3(1), 1-23. Bohn, F. . (2011). The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. International Economics and Economic Policy, 8(1), 7-14. Bohn, F. . (2011). The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. . Economics and Economic Policy, 8(1), 7-14. Bulmer, S. (2014). Germany and the eurozone crisis: between hegemony and domestic politics. West European Politics, 37(6), 1244-1263. Chamley, C. P. (2011). Why official bailouts tend not to work: an example motivated by Greece 2010. The Economists' Voice, 8(1). De Grauwe, P. (2010). What kind of governance for the eurozone?. . CEPS Policy Brief, (214). De Grauwe, P. (2015). Greece is solvent but illiquid: What should the ECB do? (No. 10694). Centre for European Policy Studies. De Santis, R. A. (2012). THE EURO AREA SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS SAFE HAVEN, CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AND THE SPREAD OF THE FEVER FROM GREECE. Douzinas, C. (n.d.). Philosophy and Resistance in the Crisis: Greece and the Future of Europe. 2013: John Wiley Sons. Janssen, R. (2010). Greece and the IMF: Who Exactly is being Saved?. Cent. for Econ. and Policy Res,, 1611. Knight, D. M. (2015). History, time, and economic crisis in central Greece. Palgrave Macmillan. Lapavitsas, C. (2012). Crisis in the Eurozone. Verso Books. Lattemann, S. . (2008). Environmental impact and impact assessment of seawater desalination. Desalination, 220(1), 1-15. Mamadouh, V. . (2011). Financial, Monetary and governance crisis: an outlook on the euro (zone). Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 102(1), 111-118. Mantanika, R. . (2011). The spatiality of a social struggle in Greece at the time of the IMF: Reflections on the 2011 mass migrant hunger strike in Athens. City. 15(3-4), 482-490. Matsaganis, M. (2011). The welfare state and the crisis: the case of Greece. Journal of European Social Policy, 501-512. Matsaganis, M. (2012). Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy. 0261018312444417. Mitsopoulos, M. . (2011). Understanding the crisis in Greece: from boom to bust. Palgrave Macmillan. MLA. (2011). Analysis and outlook of the Greek Financial Crisis. Journal of Global Business Management, 7(1), 1.